Quantitative analysis and antimicrobial efficacy of the ethanol extract obtained from Durio graveolens leaves

Abstract

Objectives: This study aims to explore the natural antimicrobial properties of ethanol extracts from Durio graveolens leaves (DGL). Methods: DGL underwent preliminary phytochemical screening, along with a quantitative assessment of phenols and flavonoids. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined. Antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria was evaluated using the agar well diffusion method. The microorganisms tested included ATCC strains of Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli. Results: DGL demonstrated the highest MIC of 0.1 mg/ml and an MBC of 0.25 mg/ml against the Gram-negative bacteria P. aeruginosa and E. coli. At an MIC of 0.1 mg/ml, DGL produced significant zones of inhibition against P. aeruginosa and E. coli when compared to gentamicin. Conclusion: This research indicates that DGL possesses natural antibacterial properties against Gram-negative human pathogens.