Evaluation of Bisphenol A content in food contact PVC cling film
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56511/JIPBS.2016.v3.i04.pp12-16Abstract
Bisphenol A is commonly used as the plastic and metal material in the food and drink packaging industry and can be found in an abundant of material intended to come into contact with food such as polyvinyl chloride plastic film or stretch cling wrap. As Bisphenol A was classified as a substance of external origin with a detrimental effect on human health, it is aimed to evaluate the occurrence of Bisphenol A in food contact cling film. Twelve cling film samples from various countries along with six standard samples of Bisphenol A with different concentrations were evaluated. Bisphenol A was extracted from cling film and a small fraction of that was injected to GC–MS for quantitative analysis. Then, identification of Bisphenol A was carried out by GC-MS. GC Bisphenol A peaks were identified by comparison of their mass spectra with that of the Bisphenol A standard and with a spectrum. The Bisphenol A level among samples varies between 3.3 µg/L and 402.3 µg/L while, the daily intake of Bisphenol A ranges between 0.16 µg/kg and 20.1 µg/kg. Additionally, the average level of Bisphenol A concentration and daily intake were 81.46 µg/L and 4.072 µg/kg, respectively. Since the concentration of Bisphenol A varied in all the samples due to their countries produce cling film, it is required to establish a worldwide standard Bisphenol A limits specifically for food packaging cling films due to its importance and international trade as well.
Keywords:
Bisphenol A, cling film, food, packagingDownloads
References
Ballesteros-Gómez A, Rubio S and Pérez-Bendito D: Analytical methods for the determination of bisphenolA in food. Journal of Chromatography A 2009; 1216: 449-469.
Geens T, Goeyens L and Covaci A: Are potential sources for human exposure to bisphenol-A overlooked?. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health 2011; 214: 339-347.
Fasano E, Esposito F, Scognamiglio G, Di Francesco F, Montuori P, AmodioCocchieri R and Cirillo T: Bisphenol A contamination in soft drinks as a risk for children’s health in Italy. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A 2015; 32: 1207-1214.
Jo A, Kim H, Chung H and Chang N: Associations between Dietary Intake and Urinary Bisphenol A and Phthalates Levels in Korean Women of Reproductive Age. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2016; 13: 1-13.
Hartle JC: Food System Contributions to Bisphenol-A Exposures. Dissertation.Johns Hopkins University 2013.
Fasano E, Bono-Blay F, Cirillo T, Montuori P and Lacorte S: Migration of phthalates, alkylphenols, bisphenol A and di (2-ethylhexyl) adipate from food packaging. Food Control 2012; 27: 132-138.
Mirzaei N, Bahrami AR, Rahimi E, Saeidi B, Mirlohi M and GhasemianSafaei H: Importance of microbial analysis of Cling film in food packaging industry. Scholars Academic Journal of Biosciences 2016; 4:661-666
Rykowska I and Wasiak W: Properties, threats, and methods of analysis of bisphenol A and its derivatives. Actachromatographica 2006; 16: 7-27.
Lopez-Cervantes J and Paseiro-Losada P: Determination of bisphenol A in, and its migration from, PVC stretch film used for food packaging. Food Additives & Contaminants 2003; 20: 596-606.
Ke C, Liu X, Zuo H, Zhao J, Yang X and Yuan J: The oxidative damage of Bisphenol A on the organs of the mice. Health 2013; 5: 1190-1194.
Moghadam ZA, Mirlohi M, Pourzamani H, Malekpour A, Amininoor Z and Merasi MR: Exposure assessment of Bisphenol A intake from polymeric baby bottles in formula-fed infants aged less than one year. Toxicology Reports 2015; 2: 1273-1280.
Cao XL, Perez-Locas C, Dufresne G, Clement G, Popovic S, Beraldin F, Dabeka RW and Feeley M: Concentrations of bisphenol A in the composite food samples from the 2008 Canadian total diet study in Quebec City and dietary intake estimates. Food Additives and Contaminants 2011; 28: 791-798.
Włodarczyk E: Occurrence of bisphenol A and its effects on the human body. Archives of Physiotherapy & Global Researches 2015; 19: 13-26.
Cao XL: A review recent development on analytical methods for determination of bisphenola in food and biological samples. Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies 2012; 35: 2795-2829.
Zhang L, Er JC, Xu W, Qin X, Samanta A, Jana S, Lee CL and Chang YT: “Orange alert”: A fluorescent detector for bisphenol A in water environments. Analyticachimicaacta 2014; 815:51-56.
Genuis SJ, Beesoon S, Birkholz D and Lobo RA: Human excretion of bisphenol A: blood, urine, and sweat (BUS) study. Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2012; 2012: 1-10.
Qiu W, Shen Y, Pan C, Liu S, Wu M, Yang M and Wang KJ: The potential immune modulatory effect of chronic bisphenolA exposure on gene regulation in male medaka (Oryziaslatipes) liver. Ecotoxicology and environmental safety 2016; 130: 146-154.
Sieli PT, Jasarevic E, Warzak DA, Mao J, Ellersieck MR, Liao C, Kannan K, Collet SH, Toutain PL, vomSaal FS and Rosenfeld CS: Comparison of serum bisphenolA concentrations in mice exposed to bisphenol A through the diet versus oral bolus exposure. Environmental health perspectives 2011; 119: 1260-1265.
Bhunia K, Sablani SS, Tang J and Rasco B: Migration of chemical compounds from packaging polymers during microwave, conventional heat treatment, and storage. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety.2013; 12: 523-545.
Geens T, Aerts D, Berthot C, Bourguignon JP, Goeyens L, Lecomte P, Maghuin-Rogister G, Pironnet AM, Pussemier L, Scippo ML and Van Loco J: A review of dietary and non-dietary exposure to bisphenol-A. Food and chemical toxicology 2012; 50: 3725-3740.
Testai E: The safety of the use of bisphenol A in medical devices. Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology.Scientific Committee on Emerging and Newly Identified Health Risks.2015; 79: 1-166.
Sungur Ş , Köro ğ lu M and Özka n A: Determinatıon of bisphenol a migrating from canned food and beverages in markets. Food chemistry 2014; 142: 87-91.
Sajiki J, Miyamoto F, Fukata H, Mori C, Yonekubo J and Hayakawa K: Bisphenol A (BPA) and its source in foods in Japanese markets. Food additives and contaminants 2007; 24: 103-112.
Kang JH, Kondo F and Katayama Y: Human exposure to bisphenol A. Toxicology 2006; 226:79-89.
Konieczna A, Rutkowska A and Rachon D: Health risk of exposure to BisphenolA (BPA). RocznikiPa stwowegoZakładuHigieny 2015; 66: 5-11.
Demierre AL, Peter R, Oberli A and Bourqui-Pittet M: Dermal penetration of bisphenolA in human skin contributes marginally to total exposure. Toxicology letters 2012; 213: 305-308.
Sadeghi M, Nematifar Z, Fattahi N, Pirsaheb M and Shamsipur M: Determination of Bisphenol A in Food and Environmental Samples Using Combined Solid-Phase Extraction-Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction with Solidification of Floating Organic Drop Followed by HPLC. Food Analytical Methods 2016; 9:1814-1824.
Bustos J, Santillana MI, Lomo ML and Ruiz E: Prospective studies of bisphenol A and melamine in canned drinks. RevistadelComitéCientífico de la Aecosan 22: 151-164.
Schecter A, Malik N, Haffner D, Smith S, Harris TR, Paepke O and Birnbaum L: Bisphenol a (BPA) in US food. Environmental science & technology 2010; 44: 9425-9430.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright (c) 2016 Hamidreza Pourzamani, Karim Ebrahim, Maryam Mirlohi, Nasrin Mirzaei, Ahmad Reza Bahrami, Ebrahim Rahimi, Bayan Saeidi, Majid Falahati, Bahram Nasr Esfahani, Hajieh Ghasemian Safaei
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Journal of Innovations in Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Based on a work at