A Cross-Sectional Study to Assess Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices (KAP) Regarding Antibiotic Use in Upper Respiratory Tract Infections in the Central and Western Regions of Saudi Arabia

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance (ABr) is a significant global health concern, exacerbated by the inappropriate use of antibiotics. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding antibiotic use and ABr among the population in the central and the western region of Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional study was conducted using both face to face interview and an online questionnaire distributed via social media platforms. The questionnaire consisted of four sections: the first gathered sociodemographic characteristics of the participants; the second assessed knowledge of antibiotic use and ABr, while the third and fourth evaluated attitudes and practices related to antibiotics and ABr. Out of 486 participants, 333 (68.5%) were female, and 324 (66.7%) held a college degree. Overall, 186 (38.3%) of respondents demonstrated poor knowledge of antibiotics and ABr. Additionally, 256 (52.7%) reported inadequate attitudes towards antibiotic use. Furthermore, 275 (56.6%) exhibited poor practices concerning antibiotic usage. Factors influencing knowledge levels included gender, age, educational attainment, and occupational status, with those with bachelor’s degree showing greater knowledge of antibiotics and ABr compared to individuals in other occupations. Our study identified a concerning suboptimal level of knowledge, unfavorable attitudes, and inadequate practices regarding antibiotics and ABr among participants. To address this issue, educational health campaigns aimed at raising public awareness and promoting responsible practices are essential. Emphasizing the role of healthcare providers in education and enforcing stringent regulations on the non-prescription dispensing of antibiotics will also be crucial. Future research in this area is recommended to further explore these issues.