Isolation and characterization of cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic fungi from salt affected soils and compost
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56511/JIPBS.2016.v3.i04.pp164-170Abstract
Lignocellulosic materials are hugely abundant agricultural biomass, which their bioconversion occurs by various microorganisms. Environmental conditions greatly affect the biological processes and the diversity of living organisms. The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic fungi and clearlying thier diversity and efficiency in salt affected soils and compost. Soil samples were collected from saline soils and municipal solid waste (MSW) compost. Cellulolytic fungi were isolated, then purified to single isolate. The isolates were identified morphologically. Cellulase, xylanase, glucanase, and mannanase were determined in plate assays using AZCL-substrates, while CMCase and FPase were evaluated by DNS method. Sixteen fungal isolates were directly isolated. The morphological identification of isolated fungi revealed Aspergillums and Penicillium genera were the dominant genera in saline environments. All the selected isolates exhibited cellulase and xylanase activity regardless their origin of isolation. Whereas some of Aspergillus isolated revealed ß-Glucanase activity, 56 % of isolates the produced mannanase. The mannanase activities among Aspergillus sp. isolates were based on isolate as the production depended on the isolated itself irrespective to the species but may be related to isolation source. All isolated fungi have been confirmed to produce CMCase and FPase. The highest CMCase and FPase activity was displayed by A. glaucus, SS6 and Com3 isolated from Sinai saline soil in Gilbana and MSW compost, respectively. Some isolates showed high efficiency for bioconversion of lignocellulosic material, according their enzymatic system, and could mitigate salt and alkalinity stress which suggesting an importance in biotechnological applications
Keywords:
cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic fungi, Saline soils, MSW, enzyme assayDownloads
References
Wiselogel A, Tyson J, Johnsson D: Biomass feedstock resources and composition. In: Wyman CE, editor. Handbook on Bioethanol: Production and Utilization. Washington: Taylor & Francis 1996; 105 – 118.
Pauly M, and Keegstra K: Cell-wall carbohydrates and their modification as a resource for biofuels. Plant J. 2008; 54:559 – 568.
Park EY, Naruse K and Kato T: Improvement of cellulase production in cultures of Acremonium cellulolyticus using pretreated waste milk pack with cellulase targeting for biorefinery. Bioresour Technol 2011; 102:6120 – 6127.
Chen H, Li X.-L, and Ljungdahl LG: Sequencing of a 1,3-1,4- β -Dglucanase (lichenase) from the anaerobic fungus Orpinomyces strain PC2: Properties of the enzyme expressed in Escherichia coli and evidence that the gene has a bacterial origin. J. Bacteriol. 1997; 179:6028 – 6034.
Eida, MF, Nagaoka T, Wasaki J, and Kouno K: Evaluation of Cellulolytic and Hemicellulolytic Abilities of Fungi Isolated from Coffee Residue and Sawdust Composts. Microbes Environ. 2011; 26(3):220-227.
Eida, MF, Nagaoka T, Wasaki J, and Kouno K: Isolation and Characterization of Cellulose-decomposing Bacteria Inhabiting Sawdust and Coffee Residue Composts. Microbes Environ 2012; 27(3):226-233.
Pérez J, Muñoz-Dorado J, de la Rubia T, and Martínez J: Biodegradation and biological treatments of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin: an overview. Int. Microbiol. 2002; 5:53-63.
Doi RH: Cellulases of mesophilic microorganisms: Cellulosome and noncellulosome producers. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 2008; 1125:267 – 279.
Martın C, Lopez Y, Plasencia Y, and Hern´andez E: Characterisation of agricultural and agro-industrial residues as raw materials for ethanol production. Chem. Biochem. Engineer. Quart. 2006; 20: 443 – 447.
Sanchez OJ and Cardona CA: Trends in biotechnological production of fuel ethanol from different feedstocks. Bioresour. Technol. 2008; 99: 5270 – 5295.
Sukumaran RK, Singhania RR, and Pandey A: Microbial cellulasesproduction, applications and challenges. J. Sci. Ind. Res. 2005; 64:832844.
Wen Z, Liao W and Chen S: Production of cellulase/ β -glucosidase by the mixed fungi culture Trichoderma reesei and Aspergillus phoenicis on dairy manure. Process Biochem. 2005; 40:3087-3094.
Ja’afaru MI: Screening of Fungi Isolated from Environmental Samples for Xylanase and Cellulase Production. ISRN Microbiol. 2013; http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/283423 .
Teather, RM and Wood PJ: Use of congo red-polysaccharide interactions in enumeration and characterization of cellulolytic bacteria from the bovine rumen. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 1982; 43:777-780.
Ten LN, Im WT, Kim MK, Kang MS, and Lee ST: Development of a plate technique for screening of polysaccharide-degrading microorganisms by using a mixture of insoluble chromogenic substrates. J. Microbiol. Methods 2004; 56:375-382.
Zhang YHP, Himmel ME, and Mielenz JR: Outlook for cellulase improvement: Screening and selection strategies. Biotechnol. Adv. 2006; 24(5): 452-481.
Clarke A: Evolution, adaptation and diversity: global ecology in an Antartic context. Antar Biol in a Glo Context 2003; 3 – 17.
Nicolaus B, Kambourova M, Oner ET: Exopolysaccharides from extremophiles: from fundamentals to biotechnology. Environ Technol 2010; 31:1145 – 1158.
Ferrer M, Golyshina O, Beloqui A, Golyshina PN: Mining enzymes from extreme environments. Curr Opin in Microbiol 2007; 10:207 – 214
Barnett HL and Hunter B B: Illustrated genera of imperfect fungi. Minneapolis: Burgess Pub. Co. 1972.
Barnett HL and Hunter BB: Illustrated genera of imperfect fungi. New York: Macmillan. 1987.
Domsch KH, Gams W, and Anderson T-H: Compendium of Soil Fungi, vol. 1, Academic Press, London, UK. 1980.
Lieckfeldt E, Samuels GJ, Nirenberg HI, and Petrini O: A morphological and molecular perspective of Trichoderma viride: is it one or two species? Appl. Environm. Microbiol. 1999; 65(6):2418 – 2428.
Pedersen M, Hollensted M, Lange L, and Andersen B: Screening for cellulose and hemicellulose degrading enzymes from the fungal genus Ulocladium. Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad. 2009; 63:484-489.
Mandels M, Andreotti RE, Roche C: Measurements of saccharifying cellulases. Biotechnol. Bioeng. Symp. 1976; 6:21 – 23.
Miller GL: Use of Dinitrosalicylic acid reagent for determination of reducing sugar. Analytical Chemistry 1959; 31:426-248.
Le Goff O, Bru-Adan V, Bacheley H, Godon JJ and Wery N: The microbial signature of aerosols produced during the thermophilic phase of composting. J. Appl. Microbiol. 2010; 108:325 – 340. doi: 10.1111/j.13652672.2009.04427.x.
Gautam SP, Bundela PS, Pandey AK, Jamaluddin, Awasthi MK and Sarsaiya S: Diversity of Cellulolytic Microbes and the Biodegradation of Municipal Solid Waste by a Potential Strain. Int. J. Microbiol. 2012; Article ID 325907, 12 pages doi:10.1155/2012/325907.
Srividya S, Soumya S and Pooja K: Influence of environmental factors and salinity on phosphate solubilisation by a newly isolated Aspergillus niger F7 from agricultural soil. Afr. J. Biotechnol. 2009; 8(9):1864-1870.
Xiao C, Chi R, Li X, Xia M and Xia Z: Biosolubilization of rock phosphate by three stress-tolerant fungal strains. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2011; 165:719 – 727.
Yvas P, Rahi P, Chauhan A and Gulati A: Phosphate solubilisation potential and stress tolerance of Eupenicillium parvum from tea soil. Mycol Res 2007; 111:931 – 938.
Srinivasan R, Yandigeri MS, Kashyap S and Alagawadi AR: Effect of salt on survival and P-solubilization potential of phosphate solubilizing microorganisms from salt affected soils. Saudi J Biol Sci 2012; 19: 427 – 434.
Anastasi A, Varese GC and Filipello Marchisio V: Isolation and identification of fungal communities in compost and vermicompost. Mycologia 2005; 97:33 – 44.
Afza H, Shazad S and Nisa SQU: Morphological identification of aspergillus species from the soil of larkana district (sindh , pakistan ). Asian J Agri Biol. 2013; 1(3):105-117.
Liang X, Liu Y, Xie L, Liu X, Wei Y, Zhou X and Zhang SH: A ribosomal protein AgRPS3aE from halophilic Aspergillus glaucus confers salt tolerance in heterologous organisms. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:3058 – 3070. 10.3390/ijms16023058.
Jahangeer S, Khan N, Jahangeer S, Sohail M, Shahzad S, Ahmad A, and Khan SA: Screening and characterization of fungal cellulases isolated from the native environmental source. Pak. J. Bot. 2005; 37:739-748.
de Siqueira FG, de Siqueira EG, Jaramillo PMD, Silveira MHL, Andreaus J, Couto FA, Batista LR, and Filho EXF: The potential of agro-industrial residues for production of holocellulase from filamentous fungi. Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad. 2010; 64:20-26.
Chàvez R, Bull P, and Eyzaguirre J: The xylanolytic enzyme system from the genus Penicillium. J. Biotechnol. 2006; 123:413-433.
Gawande P, and Kamat MY: Production of xylanases by immobilized Aspergillus sp. using lignocellulosic waste. World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2000; 16:111-112.
Wang XJ, Bai JG and Lian YX: Optimization of multienzyme production by two mixed strains in solid-state fermentation. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2006; 73:533 – 540.
Gao J, Weng H, Zhu D, Yuan M, Guan F and Xi Y: Production and characterization of cellulolytic enzymes from the thermoacidophilic fungus Aspergillus terreus M11 under solid-state cultivation of corn stover. Bioresour. Technol. 2008; 99:7623 – 7629.
Damaso MCT, Terzi SC, Farias AX, de Oliveira ACP, Fraga ME and Couri S: Selection of cellulolytic fungi isolated from diverse substrates. Braz. arch. biol. technol. 2012; 55(4):513-520.
Moretti MMS, Bocchini-Martins DA, Da Silva R, Rodrigues A, Sette LD and Gomes E: Selection of Thermophilic and Thermotolerant Fungi for the Production of Cellulases and Xylanases under Solid-State Fermentation. Braz. J. Microbiol 2012; 1062-1071.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright (c) 2016 Mohamed F. Eida, Ibrahim A. Matter, Fatma H. Abd El Zaher
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Journal of Innovations in Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Based on a work at