Assessment of odontogenic potential of mesenchymal stem cells derived from adipose tissue and oral mucosal tissue (comparative study)

Abstract

Stem cell research has reached new heights in recent times and is implemented in regenerative medicine and dentistry. The oral cavity is the richest stem cell source in the human body. These stem cells are now recognized as being vital to different types of dental and non dental tissue regeneration. The aim of this study was to isolate human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from Adipose tissue (ASCs) and oral mucosal tissue (OMSCs) and confirm their differentiation potentials, including the odontogenic lineage. ASCs and OMSCs cultures were nalyzed for cell shape, cell cycle, proliferation potential (MTT assay) and stem cell markers (CD90, CD105). The odontogenic differentiation potential of ASCs and OMSCs induced with odontogenic induction medium and was assessed by means of Alizarin Red stain and quantitative real time RT-PCR using dentin sialophosphprotein (DSPP). Our data revealed that ASCs  and  OMSCs  showed  a  significant  increase  in  cell  viability from  day 14  to  day 21, representing high cell proliferation rate(80-90%), where ASCs proliferated faster than OMSCs. Moreover, ASCs and OMSCs can efficiently differentiate into dentin forming cells expressing odontoblastic markers (DSPP), where OMSCs significantly expressed (DSPP) higher than ASCs. This  study  provides  evidence  that  ASCs  and  OMSCs  can  be  used  in  tissue engineering/regeneration protocols as an approachable stem cell source.